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Grumman F4F/FM2 Wildcat 11x17 inch print
signed and dated by artist

Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger
11x17 inch print
signed and dated by artist


In 1939 the Navy began to modernize its existing fighter fleet of aircraft. The torpedo bomber of the day, the TBD Devastator was obsolete by the time it went into combat. A new aircraft had to be designed to replace the slow, short ranged TBD. Prototypes of the TBF Avenger were flying at the time of the attack at Pearl Harbor in 1941.
The first six TBFs produced were sent immediately to Torpedo Squadron Eight to participate in the battle of Midway. The aircraft joined a squadron of TBD Devastators to attack the Japanese fleet at Midway on June 1st 1942. Of the six TBFs that departed, only one, 8-T-1,(pictured) returned. Out of the crew of four only two survived the battle damage inflicted by Japanese Zero aircraft. All other Avengers did not return nor did any of the Devastators. Needless to say, it had been a horrendous start for the promising aircraft.
During the sixty day period between the battle of Midway and the beginning of the Guadalcanal campaign, all carrier based torpedo squadrons were re-equipped with TBFs. At that time, the obsolete TBDs silently passed into history.
By late January 1942, Grumman was producing sixty aircraft per month but priority was given to the new F6F Hellcat. The production of the F4F and the TBF was to be contracted out to General Motors. GM was able to produce 215 Avengers per month by November 1943. By 1945, General Motors was producing 350 Avenger aircraft per month. The Avengers that were manufactured by GM took the designation of TBM with the M standing for General Motors. Grumman produced 2,291 Avengers while GM produced 7,546 by war's end.
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